In futurology, computronium refers to a hypothetical material engineered to maximize its use as a computing substrate. While futurists usually use it to refer to hypothetical materials engineered on the molecular, atomic, or subatomic level by some advanced form of nanotechnology, the term can also be applied both to contemporary computing materials, and to constructs of theoretical physics that are unlikely to ever be practical to build.
It won't be long before humanity is able to store incredible amounts of data.
This is not science fiction here. A gram of DNA could store the entire internet.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing
Here we have what is called a 'qubit' - a quantum bit. In order to understand the concept, you need to bone up a bit on quantum physics and some related phenomena.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing
Already, humans are manipulating quantum physics to serve their needs and wants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_cryptography
Quantum cryptography is an approach based on quantum physics for secure communications. Unlike traditional cryptography, which employs various mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers from learning the contents of encrypted messages, quantum cryptography is based on the physics of information. Eavesdropping can be viewed as measurements on a physical object — in this case the carrier of the information. Using quantum phenomena such as quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement one can design and implement a communication system which can always detect eavesdropping. This is because measurements on the quantum carrier of information disturbs it and therefore leaves traces.
You would have to understand the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, that nothing in this universe can be observed without somehow affecting it, changing it.