Rules Of Sport

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Rules Of Sport

American Football Rules

* Games last for four 15 minute quarters. A 2 minute break between the 1st & 2nd and 3rd & 4th quarters is had along with a 15 minute rest between 2nd and 3rd quarters (half time).

* Each team has 4 downs to gain 10 or more yards. They can either throw or run the ball to make the yards. As soon as the team gains the required yards then the downs reset and the yardage resets. Failure to make the yardage after 4 downs will result in a turnover.

* There are hundreds of different plays that players can run on any down. Plays are made up by the teams and often have players running all over the place (routes) in what is essentially organised chaos. The head coach or quarter back calls the on field plays for the attacking team whilst the defensive captain calls the plays for the defensive team.

* At the start of every game is the coin toss to decide which team receives the ball first and which side of the pitch they want to start from.

* The game begins with a kick-off where one team punts the ball down field for the other team to then run back with the ball as far as possible.

* On fourth down the offence has the option to either try to make up the yards they are short or to kick the ball. If they decide to kick they have two options; to punt or to try for a field goal. Depending on their position on the pitch will usually dictate their paly. Anything within 40 yards or so of the opposition’s goal posts will result in a field goal attempt. Further back will likely mean they take the punt option.


Basketball Rules

* Each team can have a maximum of 5 players on the court at any one time. Substitutions can be made as many times as they wish within the game.

* The ball can only be moved by either dribbling (bouncing the ball) or passing the ball. Once a player puts two hands on the ball (not including catching the ball) they cannot then dribble or move with the ball and the ball must be passed or shot.

* After the ball goes into a team’s half and they win possession back the ball must then make it back over the half way line within 10 seconds. If the ball fails to do so then a foul will be called and the ball will be turned over.

* Each team has 24 seconds to at least shot at the basket. A shot constitutes either going in the basket or hitting the rim of the basket. If after the shot is taken and the ball fails to go in the basket then the shot clock is restarted for another 24 seconds.

* The team trying to score a basket is called the offence whilst the team trying to prevent them from scoring is called the defence. The defence must do all they can to stop the offence from scoring by either blocking a shot or preventing a shot from being fired.

* After each successful basket the ball is then turned over to the opposition.

* Fouls committed throughout the game will be accumulated and then when reached a certain number will be eventually be awarded as a free throw. A free throw involves one playerfrom the offensive team (the player fouled) to take a shot unopposed from the free throw line. Depending on where the foul was committed will depend on the number free throws a player gets.

* Violations in basketball include travelling (taking more than one step without bouncing the ball), double dribble (picking the ball up dribbling, stopping then dribbling again with two hands), goaltending (a defensive player interferes with the ball travelling downwards towards the basket) and back court violation (once the ball passes the half way line the offensive team cannot take the ball back over the half way line).

 

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Archery Rules

* Archers must adhere to all official rules in terms of the equipment they use in the performance of their sport, with the main emphasis being on them using no equipment or accessories that would give an unfair advantage over an opponent.

* The maximum time permitted to shoot an end of three arrows is two minutes, and four minutes for an end of six arrows.

* Athletes may not raise the bow arm until the signal to start is given and penalties can be given – in the form of points forfeits – if the bow is drawn after the official practice has been closed.

* An arrow cannot be re-shot under any circumstances. The arrow may be considered not to have been shot if it falls from the bow or misfires, or if the target blows or falls over. Extra time would be given in such circumstances.

* An arrow that rebounds or hangs from the target will still score based on the mark it makes on the target face. Arrows that stick – Robin Hood-style – in the nock of another shall score the same as the arrow in which they are embedded.

* Athletes can be disqualified, have points deducted or be banned from competition for various breaches of rules, based on the severity of the offence.

* If equipment is damaged, appeals can be made to the judge for such equipment to be replaced or fixed, and any time allowances will be at the judge’s discretion.


Aussie Rules Football Rules

* Umpires signal for all decisions and their call is final

* By kicking the ball between the goal posts without it being touched by any other player, then 6 points are awarded. If the ball is kicked without being touched between the behind posts (point) then 1 point is scored.

* A game consist of four 20 minute quarters.

* The game starts with ruck. This is where the umpire throws the ball into the air and one player from each team will try and tap the ball to their team. After a goal has been scored the game will be restarted with the same way as at the beginning of the game.

* The only way you can pass the ball is to hand ball. For this to happen the ball must be placed in the palm of the hand and then the ball struck with the butt of the other hand clenched into a fist. You cannot throw or slap the ball to perform a successful pass.

* A player can ‘mark’ the ball when they receive it. This can happen one of three ways; the player catches the ball without the ball bouncing, the player catches the ball after it has travelled over 10 metres or the player catches the ball before it’s been touched in the air. Once marked the player cannot then be tackled. If a tackle occurs or an opponent steps over the mark then a foul will be called and the team with the ball will advance 15 metres down the field.

* Players can tackle opponents to try and win back the ball. A player can only be tackled from shoulder height downwards.

* If a player is tackled and refuses to let go of the ball then holding the ball will be called by the umpire and possession will be turned over.

* Players are permitted to block their opposition by shepherding players away from the ball. This can only be done within 5 metres of the ball.

* Players are omitted from pushing their opponents in the back either whilst they are running or whilst in a tackle.

 

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Badminton Rules

* A game can take place with either two (singles) or four (doubles) players.

* An official match has to be played indoors on the proper court dimensions. The dimensions are 6.1m by 13.4m, The net is situated through the middle of the court and is set at 1.55m.

* To score a point the shuttlecock must hit within the parameters of the opponents court.

* If the shuttlecock hits the net or lands out then a point is awarded to your opponent.

* Players must serve diagonally across the net to their opponent. As points are won then serving stations move from one side to the other. There are no second serves so if your first serve goes out then your opponent wins the point.

* A serve must be hit underarm and below the servers waist. No overarm serves are allowed.

* Each game will start with a toss to determine which player will serve first and which side of the court the opponent would like to start from.

* Once the shuttlecock is ‘live’ then a player may move around the court as they wish. They are permitted to hit the shuttlecock from out of the playing area.

* If a player touches the net with any part of their body or racket then it is deemed a fault and their opponent receives the point.

* A fault is also called if a player deliberately distracts their opponent, the shuttlecock is caught in the racket then flung, the shuttlecock is hit twice or if the player continues to infract with the laws of badminton.

* Each game is umpired by a referee on a high chair who overlooks the game. There are also line judges who monitor if the shuttlecock lands in or not. The referee has overriding calls on infringements and faults.

* Let may be called by the referee if an unforeseen or accidental circumstance arose. These may include the shuttlecock getting stuck in the bet, server serving out of turn, one player was not ready or a decision which is too close to call.

* The game has only two rest periods coming the form of a 90 second rest after the first game and a 5 minute rest period after the second game.

* If the laws are continuously broken by a player then the referee holds the power to dock that player of points with persisting fouls receiving a forfeit of the set or even the match.


Rules of Beach Volley Ball

* Players are allowed to touch the ball three times maximum before they return it across the court – blocks included.

* There are a number of moves and hits that are classed as illegal in Beach Volleyball, including “hand touches”, “tips” and “dinks”.

* Players are permitted to cross below the net in Beach Volleyball – but this will be classed as a foul if it tampers or interferes with the opposing team's play.

* There is no set position for players, meaning they can move to any part of the court they wish at any time – provided it is on their side.

 

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Beer Pong Rules

* Once the teams have been arranged, the team to go first must be decided. This can be done in several ways but is usually done by a coin toss or a quick game of ‘Rock, Paper, Scissors’.

* An equilateral triangle of cups (10 or 15) is arranged in front of each team and an agreed amount of beer (or other alcoholic drink) is placed in each cup. Each team will also have another cup for personal use to rinse the ping pong ball.

* The team to go first then each throws a ping pong ball towards their opponents cups. If one or both of the balls successfully land in an opposition team member’s cup, then an opposition team member must drink the contents of that cup and the cup is then removed from play.

* The teams continue to take turns until the one team has eliminated all of the opposition team’s cups.

* Should both teams eliminate their opposition's final cup on their final turn, then the game is tied. In this instance, 3 cups are re racked and overtime begins, the winner being the first to eliminate all of the opposition's cups. Further rounds of overtime will take place if further draws take place until a clear winner is found.

* Shooting in Beer Pong may be done either underarm or overarm and the player may try and bounce the ball into the cup or throw it in directly.

* Care should always be taken when playing Beer Pong and all players should drink responsibly.


Billiards Rules

* A cannon: This is where the cue ball is struck so that it hits the red and other cue ball (in any order) on the same shot. This scores two points.

* A pot: This is when the red ball is struck by the player's cue ball so that the red ends up entering a pocket. This scores three points. If the player’s cue ball strikes the other cue ball resulting it going down the pocket, then this scores two points.

* In-off: This occurs when a player strikes their cue ball, hitting another ball and then entering a pocket. This scores three points if the red was the first ball hit and two points if it was the other player’s cue ball hit first.

 

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Bobsleighing Rules
Every bobsleigh vehicle has limitations on weight (including crew members) for an Olympic games race. The regulations are as follows:

Four-Man Race: 630kg
Two-Man Race: 390 kg
Two-Woman Race: 340kg


Bossaball Rules
Bossaball is a relatively new sport and was derived from Spain in 2004. Since then the sport has gone on to have international acclaim with countries such as Brazil, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Kuwait, Ecuador and Saudi Arabia all have very successful Bossaball teams. Whilst international competitions are limited, teams from respected countries travel the world to try and raise awareness of the sport.

* Teams consist of 3-5 players and a mix of male and female players are permitted.

* Serves can be made using any part of the body as long as they are ‘creative’.

* You can hit the ball once using your hands and twice using your feet or head when the ball is on your side of the court before a team mate must then hit the ball.

* A team can hit the ball up to 5 times before they must try and get the ball into their opponents half.

* Games have no time limit and can only be won by reaching 25 points and by two clear games. Best of 3 or 5 sets are usually in operation.

* After each point teams rotate their positions clockwise so that a different person is on the trampoline section each time.

 

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Bull Riding Rules
Bull Riding is a sport that can trace its roots back to ancient times with contests to tame bulls going back to the classical age with the Minoans being particular fans of this type of activity. However,

* The bull rope: This is what the rider holds onto whilst riding the bull. Made of braided rope or another substance, it is adjustable depending upon the size of the bull and is how the rider attempts to control the bull and hold on.

* Gloves: Because rope can burn hands in the extremely frenetic sport of bull riding, each rider wears leather gloves to prevent this and they can also provide an extra sense of grip too.

* Boots: Cowboy boots are essential, as their spurs can help keep the rider balanced whilst on the bull and they can also use them to ‘spur’ the bull into action in an attempt to score more style points from the judges.

* Chaps: These are worn on the legs and provide protection and prevent chaffing whilst being thrown about on the bull.

* Helmets: Helmets are not required at most adult level competitions but are required at junior level rodeos. However, more and more riders are beginning to wear them.


Rules of Cricket
Cricket is a sport that has been tracked back to the early 16th century and has been a popular ever since. The pinnacle of the international game comes in the form of the Cricket World Cup.

* Each team is made up of 11 players.

* The bowler must bowl 6 legal deliveries to constitute an over.

* A game must have two umpires stood at either end of the wicket. The umpires then must count the number of balls in the over, make decisions on whether the batsmen is out after an appeal and also check that the bowler has bowled a legal delivery.

* A batsmen can be given out by either being bowled ( the ball hitting their stumps), caught (fielder catches the ball without it bouncing), Leg Before Wicket (the ball hits the batsmen’s pads impeding its line into the stumps), stumped (the wicket keeper strikes the stumps with their gloves whilst the batsmen is outside of their crease with ball in hand), hit wicket (the batsmen hits their own wicket), Handled ball ( the batsmen handles the cricket ball on purpose), timed out (the player fails to reach the crease within 30 seconds of the previous batsmen leaving the field), hit ball twice (batsmen hits the cricket ball twice with their bat) and obstruction ( the batsmen purposely prevents the fielder from getting the ball).

* Test cricket is played over 5 days where each team has two innings (or two chances to bat).

* The scores are then cumulative and the team with the most runs after each innings is the winner.

* One Day cricket in played with 50 overs. Each team has 50 overs to bat and bowl before swapping and doing the previous discipline. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.

* International games will have a further two umpires known as the third and fourth umpire. These are in place to review any decisions that the on field umpires are unable to make.

* The fielding team must have one designated wicket keeper who is the only person allow to wear pads and gloves on the field. The wicket keeper stands behind the opposite end to the bowler to catch the ball.

 

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Rules of Wiffle Ball
Wiffleball is a simplified version of the game of baseball that is designed to be a miniature version of the game that is suitable to be played both indoor and outdoors, often in confined spaces.

• Wiffle Ball teams can number between 1 and 10 players
• To decide who bats and who fields, a coin should be tossed or some other way of deciding should be done such as a game of Rock, Paper, Scissors.
• Each batter faces three balls from the pitcher, and must attempt to hit the ball into one of the scoring zones.
• Failure to hit the ball within these three pitches will result in the batter being out.
• Unlike baseball, there is no stealing bases, and movement between bases can only be done on a scoring shot.
• Hitting the ball into the single zone enables the player to advance one base, hitting into the double zone enables them to advance two bases, and a triple three bases. Hitting past the triple zone is a home run.
• Every player who makes it round the bases scores a run for the team.
• There are two ways to be out in Wiffle Ball. Being caught out or swinging and missing three times.
• An innings is up once all the batters have had their turn or if three are ‘out’. It is then the opposition’s turn for their innings.
• Each team shall have an agreed number of innings, usually 6, although another number can be agreed between two teams. Games may also be played in a set time limit, often 55 minutes.
• At the end of the game, the winner is the team with the most runs. Some leagues allow drawn games where the points are split, but most leagues and informal games will have another innings for each team, with the team scoring the most runs in this being declared the winner.

Water Polo Rules
The game of Water Polo originated in Britain and it was one of the original sports featured at the the first ever modern Olympic Games in 1900.

• The playing area is 30m x 20m with a minimum depth of 2m.
• Teams consist of 13 players in total, with 7 players in play at any time, 6 field players and 1 goalie.
• Players are only permitted to use one hand to hold the ball apart from the goalie who can use two hands when within 5m of their own goal.
• Water Polo is played in four quarters with each quarter lasting for eight minutes with a two minute break between quarters.
• Players advance the ball upfield by swimming with the ball in front of them or by passing to teammates.
• Players are not allowed to touch the bottom of the pool and players tread water or swim for the entire match.
• Teams can only retain the ball for up to 30 seconds without shooting at goal.
• A goal is equal to one point and is scored when the ball is pushed or thrown completely between the goalposts and under the crossbar.
• Fouls are made up of ordinary fouls and major fouls. Players are only allowed three major fouls, any more and they are excluded out of the game.
• If at the end of the game the score remains tied, a shootout occurs to decide the winner.

 

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Croquet Rules
Whilst croquet is played internationally it is, perhaps the most quintessentially English game imaginable. A game of croquet, a glass of Pimm’s and a cucumber sandwich on a rare sunny day in England, what could be finer?

• A coin toss determines who goes first with the loser of the toss picking which balls to use.
• Each player plays in turn, taking one shot unless extra shots are earned. Extra shots are gained by either “running a hoop” (passing through the correct hoop) or hitting one of the other three balls. These earn one and two extra shots respectively.
• The first four turns must be used to bring all four balls into play, after which you can choose to play either ball, although extra shots can be earned immediately.
• If you hit another ball (make a roquet) and earn two extra shots the first of those (the croquet shot) must be played in contact with the roquet ball. In order to do that you move your ball and place it anywhere in contact with the ball that was hit. The roqueted ball must move or shake with the next strike. The next shot is called the continuation shot and must be played from where the first, original ball lies.
• Extra shots are not cumulative and you can only earn extra shots once from each ball until the next hoop is scored.
• If a ball is struck off the lawn or lies within a metre of the edge it is moved to a metre inside the lawn. There is no penalty for this.
• To score a hoop no part of the ball must be visible on the original side of the hoop – that is to say, all of the ball must have passed at least some part of the hoop.
• The ball can only be struck with the face of the mallet and must be hit cleanly without moving the other balls, hoops or peg to make the shot.
• Once a ball hits the peg at the end of the game it is removed from play.

Canoe Sprint Rules
Canoe Sprint is a water sport where athletes race long boats (either canoes or kayaks) across calm water, attempting to reach the finish line in the fastest time possible.

• Canoe Sprint races take place over 200 metres, 500 metres and 1000 metres.
• Lanes are assigned depending on performances in the heats. The winners are awarded the centre lanes, which are deemed to be slightly advantageous.
• In team events, no members of the crew can be swapped at any time, regardless of injury, illness or any other mitigating factors. Any team or athlete who cannot perform for any reason will be disqualified.
• Committing any of the following fouls may result in a warning or complete disqualification:
  • Arriving late for the race
  • Missing a race
  • Committing two false starts
  • Breaking the 5-metre rule, which dictates that boats must remain inside a 5 metre boundary in their lane at all times
• All boats will also be subject to checks at the end of the race to ensure they have complied with pre-agreed rules and regulations. Any boat found to have failed to adhere to these rules (such as weighing in light) would be disqualified.
• An athlete or team is permitted to protest a caution or warning, but must do so immediately after the end of the race (20-minutes maximum) to the competition committee. The committee will make a prompt decision, and if the athlete/team does not agree with this ruling, they are allowed to then approach the jury within the next 20-minutes. Any ruling made by the jury is final.

 

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Underwater Hockey Rules
Underwater Hockey (sometimes called Octopus) was invented in the 1950s by the British Navy in order to keep their divers in shape and to improve their efficiency under water.

• Teams consist of 10 players with 6 players in the pool at all time. The remaining 4 act as rolling substitutes.
• Games take place for two 15 minute halves with a 5 minute rest period in between halves.
• Players generally cover zones rather than having positions but formations do come into play.
• Teams can also be split into attack and defence. Variations of midfield players have also been noted before.
• Players can only score using the stick in their hands and cannot use any body parts to assist moving the puck. Players are prohibited from making contact with players unless they are in possession of the puck.

Ultimate Frisbee Rules
Ultimate Frisbee is now known in many countries simply as the less-catchy “Ultimate” due to the fact that Frisbee is a registered trademark. It is a fast-paced sport with similarities to netball, football (soccer) and American Football.

• The match is started by a “pull”, where one side throws-off to the other.
• A player cannot run with the disc and must stop as soon as they receive it, although they may pivot on one leg (a la netball).
• If a pass hits the floor, is intercepted or is caught out of bounds possession goes to the other side.
• A player in possession has 10 seconds in which to pass the disc or they cede possession to the opposition.
• The defender (marker) makes the count (stall count).
• Ultimate is a non-contact sport and defenders may only stand within three meters of the disc-holder.
• Substitutions are only allowed after a goal has been scored (and before the throw-off), to replace an injured player or after periods of play and not during a timeout.

 

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Chess Boxing Rules
Chess Boxing has been in operation since 1992 and is a sport requiring both brain and brawn. Since 1992 the sport has gone global with countries including England, Germany, Netherlands, France, Russia and Japan all embracing the new sport.

• Players must not deliberately waste time when playing the chess discipline of the game. If the referees deem that they are then a 10 second penalty will be placed.
• Players must have an understanding of both boxing and chess disciplines.
• Players must have a chess rating of at least 1800 to compete in the sport.
• Players can win from either the chess or boxing rounds.
• 6 rounds of chess and 5 rounds of boxing will be completed unless the contest is stopped with a winner in a previous round.

Curling Rules
Curling is not one of the world’s most popular sports, nor is it one likely to receive much television coverage or be something many people will ever play. It is though, a fascinating game, well deserving of its nickname of “chess on ice”.

• Teams of four take it in turns to curl two rocks towards the target area with the scores being counted after all 16 rocks have been sent down the ice.
• International matches have a time limit of 73 minutes per side with two timeouts lasting a minute each. 10 minutes and one timeout are permitted per extra end in the event of a tie.
• The stone must be released its front edge crosses a line called the hog. Foul throws are removed from the ice before they have come to rest or in contact with other rocks.
• Sweeping may be done by two members of the team up to the tee line, whilst after that point only one player can brush. After the tee one player from the opposing side may also sweep
• A stone touched or moved when in play by a player or their broom will either be replaced or removed depending on the situation.
• The team to go first is decided by coin toss, “draw-to-the-button” contest or, in Olympic competition using win-loss records. Subsequently the team that failed to score in the previous end has the advantage of going last, called the hammer throw.
• A team may concede if they feel they cannot win, although depending on the event and stage of event they may have to wait until a certain number of ends have been completed.
• Fair play is of huge importance so there is a culture of self-refereeing with regards fouls and this is a big part of curling.

 

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Broomball Rules
Broomball is an ice-based game that is closely related to ice hockey and was founded in Canada. Its exact history is a bit unclear, but it is thought it was invented in the Ontario region of Canada, where there are documented games going back to the late 1800s.

• A game of Broomball begins with the team defending the zone furthest from their bench during the first period of play, changing ends at the end of each period.
• Once the game begins after a faceoff between a player from each team, each team will simultaneously attempt to score a goal in the opposition’s net whilst at the same time preventing the opposition from scoring in theirs.
• A face off shall occur the restart the game after each goal.
• Players can pass the ball between themselves using the stick.
• Goals can only be scored if the ball has been hit by the stick. A goal will not be awarded if the ball has rebounded off another player.
• Brooms may never be swung above waist height.
• Broomball games are controlled by two referees who are on the ice during the game and have the same powers to award goals, call penalties and fouls etc. In higher-level games, there are often other officials off the rink too, such as goal judges and a timekeeper.
• Players are allowed to use the stick to try and take the ball off opposition players.
• At the end of the game, the team who has scored the most goals is declared the winner.

Dodgeball Rules
The origins of dodgeball are fairly sketchy but it has been a popular game for a considerable period of time. The game is a regular part of physical education classes in schools.

• The number of players, number of balls, size of court and length of game can be determined by the organisers.
• Players must remain within the court at all times, unless collecting dead balls.
• Players are allowed to leave the court to collect balls but they are not allowed to throw the ball until they are back within the court. If a player leaves the court for any other purpose or they throw a ball from outside the court, they are eliminated.
• The rules regarding headshots can be decided upon personal preference or by order of an official body. Some games will see the throwing player eliminated if an opponent is stuck on the head, some games will see the player struck on the head eliminated.
• Players struck with a ball that is then caught before it becomes dead are eliminated.
• When a player catches a ball, the throwing player will be eliminated.

 

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Rules Of Sport

Korfball Rules
Korfball is a Dutch game that is rooted in both netball and basketball. A team game, it is played with eight players on each side, usually all female although it can be played with four females and four males. Scoring points (goals) is done by putting the ball through the opposition’s raised basket.

• If playing indoors, the size of the Korfball court should be 20m x 40m or if playing outdoors it should be 30m x 60m.
• Teams shall consist of eight players and shall consist solely of female players or four female and four male.
• Korfball matches consist of two halves, each lasting for a total of 35 minutes, with a 10 minute halftime break.
• Each team has four players in each half and during the match they cannot switch zones. The game begins once a coin toss has decided who shall begin.
• In Korfball, the aim is to score by throwing the ball through the opposition’s basket.
• Once two goals have been scored, the teams change zones, with attackers becoming defenders and vice versa. Teams also swap ends at half time.
• On receiving the ball, a player may not dribble, walk or run with it but can move one foot with one remaining planted to the ground as in netball.
• Tackling, blocking and holding are not allowed in Korfball.
• The team with the most goals (points) at the end of the match are declared the winner.
• If both teams are on equal points at the end of the match, the game is declared a draw.

Squash Rules
Squash is a game played around the world and has as big a following professionally as it does in amateur ranks. The game dates back to 19th century with variations of the game (then called racquets) evolving into the modern game as we now know it. Whilst squash isn’t currently an Olympic sport, its pinnacle comes in the form of the Squash World Championships where the best players from around the world compete to be the ultimate squash champion.

• Games can be played by either two (singles) or four (doubles) players at one time.
• You must hit the ball with your racket within the boundaries on the back wall.
• The ball can hit the side wall at any time as long as at some point it hits the back wall.
• A let is called when a player accidently gets in their opponents way and is unable to get out the way.
• A foul is called if the player purposely tries to get in the way of their opponent.
• If a game gets to 10-10 then a player must win by two clear points to win that game.
• You cannot hit the ball twice and you cannot carry the ball.
• When serving one foot must be within the service box; the same goes for your opponent.
• Upon returning a serve you may hit the ball on the volley or after it bounces.
• The speed of balls are determined by number and colours of small spots on the ball:
  • Double Yellow = Extra Super slow for competitions
  • Yellow = Super slow
  • Green or White = Slow
  • Red = Medium
  • Blue = Fast

 

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Rules of Luge
Luge is a winter racing sport that involves riding sleds down an artificial tracks built with steep banks and inclines. Participating athletes position themselves in a “supine” position whilst riding the sleds (lying down on their backs facing upwards with their feet at the bottom). There is evidence to suggest that Luge races may have been held as long ago as 800 AD with Vikings using sleds to compete against one another on the Oslofjord mountains.

• In singles tournaments, all competing athletes are allowed to take four separate runs down the track. In doubles tournaments, teams of two take two runs down the Luge track.
• At the beginning of each run, the Luge sleds are weighed and examined by officials. This is to determine whether the sled falls line with rules and regulations. If the sled fails to meet these requirements, athletes riding will be disqualified. Athletes themselves are also weighed, and may be able to add weight in certain instances as ballast.
• In both singles and doubles events, competitors are divided into four starting groups. The running order changes depending on finishing times.
• A final check known as “sled control” is also conducted after all four runs have been completed to ensure no alterations have been made by teams or athletes. Any sled that fails these checks will see athletes disqualified.

Quidditch Rules
Quidditch is an exciting and dynamic game that is based on the fictional game of Quidditch popularised in the Harry Potter books. Played by two teams consisting of seven players each, it is designed to mirror the book version of the game as much as possible. The most obvious way this is done is that each player is mounted on a broomstick and attempts to win the game by having more points than their opponents by the time the Golden Snitch is caught (which in this version of the game, is a tennis ball in a long yellow sock).

• A game of Quidditch begins with the Quaffle and Bludgers all placed in the centre of the field.
• Each team’s seven players start in their keeper zone, all with their eyes closed, this is to prevent them seeing where their Golden Snitch is.
• Once the Golden Snitch is a sufficient distance away in the judgement of the referee, then the referee will begin the game by shouting ‘brooms up!’
• Each team must then attempt to score more points than their opposition by scoring more goals by placing the Quaffle through one of the opposition nets and by capturing the Golden Snitch which also immediately ends the game.
• There is no set time limit to the game because of this, but the Golden Snitch is usually caught within an hour, although this can depend upon the fitness and experience of participants.
• During gameplay, any player that is hit by a Bludger is required to dismount their broom and run back and touch their on nets before resuming play.
• Quidditch is a full contact game and players can use force against each other in an attempt to capture the Quaffle or prevent other players scoring a goal.
• Throughout the game, the Seeker from each team’s sole duty is to capture the Golden Snitch and once this is done, the game ends.
• The winner of the match is the team with the most points at the end of the game.

 

[blackfoot NAP]

Golf Rules
The game of golf as we know it today originated in the 1400s in Scotland but the first relations of the game go back as far as the first century B.C. In 1457 King James II of Scotland outlawed the game as an unwelcome distraction and no doubt many golf widows and widowers wish it had remained so.

• The ball must be hit using standard clubs from the start of each hole to the green and ultimately into the hole, which is marked by a flag.
• Players strike the ball in turn with the furthest away from the hole going first. At the start of a new hole whoever took the least shots on the preceding hole shall go first.
• The penalty for a lost ball is one stroke and this includes balls struck out of bounds (off that particular hole) or into water hazards. You have five minutes to search for your ball and the penalty is both stroke (one shot) if the ball is lost and additionally distance (you play again from your original starting point) if it goes out of bounds or into the water.
• Players can only use up to 14 clubs.
• Players cannot seek advice from anyone other than their partner or caddy.
• The ball should be played as it is found – you must not move, break or bend anything fixed or growing, other than to assume your normal stance, to improve the lie of the ball, your line of site or your area of swing.
• On the putting green a player can mark, lift and clean his ball so long as it is replaced exactly where it was. He or she may also repair ball marks or hole plugs but not spike marks that are on the putting line.

Tennis Rules
Tennis is a sport that originated in England around the 19th century and is now played in a host of countries around the world. There are four major tournaments known as the ‘majors’ that include Wimbledon, US Open, French Open and Australian tournament.

• The game starts with a coin toss to determine which player must serve first and which side they want to serve from.
• The server must then serve each point from alternative sides on the base line. At no point must the server’s feet move in front of the baseline on the court prior to hitting their serve.
• If the server fails to get their first serve in they may take advantage of a second serve. If they again fail to get their second serve in then a double fault will be called and the point lost.
• If the server clips the net but the ball goes in the service area still then let is called and they get to take that serve again without penalty. If the ball hits the net and fails to go in the service area then out is called and they lose that serve.
• The receiver may stand where they wish upon receipt of the serve. If the ball is struck without the serve bouncing then the server will receive the point.
• Once a serve has been made the amount of shots between the players can be unlimited. The point is won by hitting the ball so the opponent fails to return it in the scoring areas.
• Points are awarded in scores of 15, 30 and 40. 15 represent 1 point, 30 = 2 and 40 = 3. You
• need 4 points to win a game. If a game lands on 40-40 it’s known as deuce. From deuce a player needs to win 2 consecutive points to win the game. After winning one point from deuce they player is on advantage. If the player wins the next point they win the game, if they lose it goes back to deuce.
• To win the set a player must win 6 games by 2 or more. The opening sets will go to a tie break if its ends up 6-6 where players play first to 7 points. The final set will not have a tie break and requires players to win by two games with no limits.
• If a player touches the net, distracts his opponent or impedes in anyway then they automatically lose the point.
• The ball can hit any part of the line for the point to be called in, outside the line and the ball is out.
• The balls in a tennis match are changed for new balls every 6 games
• A player loses a point if they fail to return the ball in either the correct areas on the court, hits the net and doesn’t go into opponent’s area or fails to return the ball before it bounces twice in their half.

 

[blackfoot NAP]

Rules Of Sport

Thumb Wrestling Rules
“One, two, three, four… I declare a thumb-o-war!” is a phrase you can hear in playgrounds and parks and wherever children play around the world. But as well as being a popular children's games, Thumb Wrestling (also known as Thumb War) is an actual sport with official rules and even a world championship.

• Each player stands facing each other and both players should reach out with the same hand (right or left) and hook the four fingers of their hand together so that both are clasped tightly together.
• Once the hands are clasped, both contestants should then chant the following rhyme, “One, two, three, four… I declare a thumb-o-war!”
• As soon as the chant is over, the contest begins and lasts for a total of 60 seconds as each player attempts to pin their opponent's thumb.
• The contest is won when one player manages to pin their opponents thumb for the length of time it takes to say “One, two, three, four… I declare a thumb-o-war!”.
• If the referee is in agreement that this has been successfully done, then the player is declared the winner.
• If at the end of the 60 seconds there is no winner 2 further rounds are played.
• If no winner is found in these rounds, then the game is settled by a sudden death game of rock, paper, scissors.

Tee-Ball Rules
Tee-Ball is a team sport that is very similar to the game of baseball and is a game that is used to introduce young children to the game through its simplified rules. As well as this, it is also used as a way of helping children to develop hand/eye coordination and ball skills.

Batting

• When batting, the ball shall not be pitched but shall be placed on a tee from which the batter shall hit it.
• The batter (aka hitter) is entitled to have as many swings as they need to hit the ball.
• A player is declared as being out when:
• The ball is hit and then caught without hitting the ground.
• A player who has the ball stands on the base before the runner makes it to the base.
• A fielder with the glove or hand that is holding the ball tags a runner between the bases.
• An innings is complete when each player on the team that is batting has had a turn to bat.
• Once the first team to bat’s innings are all complete, it is the turn of the opposition to have their innings.

Fielding

• Fielding positions are as follows:
• The Pitcher: The pitcher does not pitch the ball but is tasked with fielding the diamond area in which most balls are hit
• The Catcher: This role, unlike their baseball equivalent is to place the ball on the tee, catch the ball and to tag runners running for home base.
• Bases: First Base, Second Base and Third Base positions field in and around their base area and attempt to run out players running for their base.
• Others: If playing with larger numbers, other fielders are placed around the playing area and are tasked with fielding the ball, catching and trying to run players out.

Running Bases

• Unlike baseball and in an attempt to encourage fielders to throw, once a throw is made, a runner may only advance to the base they were going for.
• If runners turn back towards a previous base, they must return to that base.

 

[blackfoot NAP]

Greco-Roman Wrestling Rules
Greco-Roman Wrestling is a combat sport performed on a circular mat. Participants are required to use their upper bodies to execute a variety of different moves to pin their opponent and/or score points in order to win the fight.

• Holds below the waist area are forbidden. This includes grabbing opponent’s knees, thighs or legs.
• Leg trips, kicks and knee strikes are also forbidden.
• Each fight round is separated into three segments: one 60-second segment for neutral position combat (on their feet), and two 30-second sequences for ground combat (on the mat).
• The wrestler who scores the most points in the 60-second neutral position segment will be granted the on-top advantage for the ground combat period. If the wrestler on top cannot score any points, his opponent on the bottom is awarded a point for good defence. The wrestlers then switch positions to allow both athletes a chance to earn points on top.
• If neither wrestler scores any points during the first neutral position segment, the officials flip a coin to determine who begins the ground combat sequence on top.
• The aim is to accumulate as many points as possible during every segment, as this gives the wrestler the best possible chance of claiming a victory on points if a fall cannot be attained.

MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) Rules
MMA (mixed martial arts) is one of the world's fastest growing sports and is one of the most dynamic and exciting full contact combat sports on the planet. Mixed martial arts is essentially a sport in which fighters of any martial discipline, such as boxing, karate, jiu jitsu, wrestling and judo compete under rules that allow kicking, punching and grappling techniques, both stand-up and on the ground.

• Matches shall consist of three rounds, each of which should last no more than five minutes.
• Fights shall take place in a ring or cage that measures between 20 square feet and 32 square feet.
• To ensure a fair fight, competitors may only fight those fighters that are in the same weight category.
• When the contest begins, fighters should use legal strikes grappling and throwing techniques in an attempt to defeat their opponent.