For now, gas will be champ
Updated 8/7/2006 9:08 PM ET
By Gary Witzenburg
Every time I hear of a promising new electric vehicle (EV) or a "breakthrough" battery, my eyes roll back in my head. The cars are either hugely expensive or tiny, slow and impractical. Their claimed ranges are either double-digit small at neighborhood speeds or ridiculously optimistic at highway speeds. The batteries are typically single-cell wonders in a lab, many years and dollars away from vehicle size. Their eager but inexperienced makers are always searching for funding to see their dreams through.
Widespread acceptance of battery-powered EVs will not happen until someone develops battery technology competitive with a tank of gas (or diesel) in every way. It must be absolutely safe, long-term durable, capable of operating reliably in extreme weather and temperatures, mass-producible at low cost, able to carry comparable energy in a package of comparable size and weight, and able to be quickly recharged. None comes remotely close.
As manager of testing and development for GM's Advanced Technology Vehicles from 1991 to 2000, I was intimately involved with the ultra-high-tech car called EV1.
We knew the market for an expensive two-seater with very limited range would not be strong, but we reasoned that multi-vehicle households could happily embrace one small, short-range car. We also knew that long-term success would depend on battery technology.
We worked hard to prepare our 1999-model EV1 for optional nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries that nearly doubled its range. But the lithium-polymer chemistry then being developed by the 3M company and others, which promised gas-competitive cost and range, never panned out.
Relatively affordable lead-acid is bulky and heavy, slow to recharge, lethargic in cold weather, carries little energy per pound and lives a fairly short life. NiMH holds roughly double the energy but adds a lot of cost. Lithium-ion, apparently nearly ready for vehicle duty but more expensive still — or something else further down the road — may be the answer to battery-powered EV acceptability in business-sustaining volume. But I'll believe it when I see it.
Auto writer Gary Witzenburg is a former automotive engineer who worked on the EV1.